LAN (Local Area Network) is a Network that connects computers, devices, and other resources within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, school, or building. It allows devices to communicate with each other and share resources like files, printers, and internet connections. In most LANs, speeds range from 10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps, though faster speeds are now common. In the Local area network is setting up has multiple topology for LANs, include bus, ring, and star formations.
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Types of LAN (Connection Methods):
LAN (Local Area Network) can be classified into
different types based on connection methods. The two primary connection methods
are Wired LAN and Wireless LAN (WLAN), each with distinct
characteristics and use cases. Here's a detailed overview:
1. Wired LAN:
Uses Ethernet cables for stable
and fast connections. This is one of the best mediums for connecting multiple
computers within a building to high-speed internet.
To connect computers with each
other, devices like hubs, switches, and routers are used. This allows any
number of computers to be connected locally as needed.
A great example of this can be
seen in a school network, exam centre, cybercafé, or even a mall.
Key Features of
Wired LAN:
Physical
Connection: Devices are connected via cables, usually twisted-pair Ethernet cables
(e.g., Cat5e, Cat6).
Switches and
Routers: Central networking devices like switches and routers are used to manage
data traffic and connect devices.
High Speed and
Reliability: Wired connections generally provide faster data transfer speeds and more
stable connections compared to wireless networks.
Limited Range: The network is
confined to the physical reach of the cables, making it ideal for localized
environments.
Security: More secure
than wireless networks since physical access to the network is required to
connect a device.
Advantages of
LAN:
Resource Sharing: Devices can
share hardware (e.g., printers) and software (e.g., databases).
Cost-Effective: Resources
like internet connections and printers can be shared, reducing costs.
Speed: LANs provide
fast data transfer speeds, ensuring smooth communication between devices.
Centralized Control: With servers,
administrators can manage resources, user permissions, and data backups
centrally.
Ease of Setup: Setting up a
LAN is relatively simple and doesn't require a lot of technical expertise for
basic networks.
Disadvantages
of LAN:
Limited Coverage: A LAN cannot
cover large geographical areas.
Security Risks: Unauthorized
access can occur if proper security measures (like firewalls and encryption)
aren’t implemented.
Maintenance: Requires
regular maintenance and monitoring to ensure smooth operation.
2. Wireless LAN
(WLAN):
Wireless LAN (WLAN) refers to a
type of Local Area Network that uses wireless communication technologies, such
as Wi-Fi, to connect devices within a limited geographical area. Unlike a wired
LAN, WLAN does not rely on physical cables, providing greater flexibility and
mobility.
Key Features of WLAN:
Wireless Communication: Devices connect using radio frequency
(RF) signals, commonly based on Wi-Fi standards (IEEE 802.11).
Access Points (APs): Wireless routers or dedicated access
points are used to transmit and receive wireless signals, facilitating device
communication.
Mobility: Users can move freely within the coverage area
without losing network connectivity.
Scalability: Easier to add new devices compared to a wired
network since no physical connections are required.
Security Considerations: WLANs require encryption protocols like
WPA2 or WPA3 to protect data from unauthorized access.
Advantages of WLAN:
· No need for cables, reducing installation
complexity.
· Supports mobile devices like laptops,
smartphones, and tablets.
· Convenient for environments where cabling
is impractical.
Disadvantages of WLAN:
· Lower speed and potential interference
compared to wired LAN.
· Vulnerable to security threats if not
properly secured.
· Signal range can be limited by physical
obstacles like walls.
Using Devices
Connecting LAN:
Devices connected to a LAN include:
·
Computers (PCs, laptops)
·
Printers
·
Routers
·
Switches
·
Servers
·
IoT devices (smart TVs, security cameras, etc.)
·
Mobile
·
Biometric Devices
Where Lan is used:
Home Networks: Connect
laptops, phones, smart TVs, and other devices to a single Wi-Fi router.
Offices: Share files
and hardware resources like printers among employees.
Schools and Universities: Connect
multiple computers for sharing educational content and internet access.
Gaming: LAN parties
allow gamers to connect locally for high-speed multiplayer gaming.
Examples of LAN:
A home network where devices share an internet
connection via Wi-Fi.
An office network where employees share files and
use a common printer.
A computer lab in a school where all PCs are
connected to the same server.
A hospital where all host PCs are connected to a
Centre Server.
what is wan
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